Subject(s)
Marketing; Product and operations management; Strategy and general management
Keyword(s)
Communications, new business models, pricing models, performance-based prices, customer integration, corporate structures
JEL Code(s)
D23, F23, L11, M31, O33
The traditional business models of industrial enterprises are endangered. Simultaneously, modern data-based technologies enable the development of complex service solutions that can be marketed as innovative business models. By analogy to the application options that are known as Industry 4.0 in Europe we will refer to them as business models 4.0. However, in many cases, the introduction of business models 4.0 is not as successful as expected due to cost overruns. In this paper we have identified nine major cost traps that must be observed for target definition, marketing and implementation. In addition, we highlight measures to help avoid these cost traps.
Pages
30
Subject(s)
Economics, politics and business environment; Health and environment; Product and operations management
Keyword(s)
Blockchain, energy, energy transition
JEL Code(s)
Q41
Blockchain is a distributed, digital transaction technology that allows for securely storing data and executing smart contracts in peer-to-peer networks. In a survey among German energy executives, the German Energy Agency GmbH (dena) and the European School of Management and Technology (ESMT Berlin) have compiled their opinions, current and planned actions, and visions of the future role of Blockchain in the energy sector.
More than half of the 70 respondents has already experimented with Blockchain or plans to do so. 21 percent consider Blockchain a game changer for the energy supply industry. 60 percent of the respondents believe that a further dissemination of the Blockchain is likely, and 14 percent expect niche applications. The survey also covered potential use cases: Around half of the use cases mentioned by respondents are related to process optimization, including billing, sales and marketing, automation, metering and data transfer, mobility, communication, and grid management. The second half is linked to public and private trading platforms, in particular peer-to-peer trade, and decentralized energy generation.
Respondents urge decision-makers to speed up the process of putting Blockchain at the top of their agendas and express concerns that Germany and the European Union might be lagging behind in a global comparison. The rapid launch of prototypes should verify the functionality of the technology and attract a sufficient amount of users to rapidly reach a critical mass. They also fear that the current regulatory framework is not suited at all to accommodate Blockchain applications.
The dena / ESMT analysis reveals that the cost-cutting potential of Blockchain applications has its limitations. Especially in markets where digital solutions already exist, the technology will have to compete with fairly efficient processes. By contrast, nascent markets, such as public charging and billing transactions for electric vehicles, offer possibilities of the Blockchain to become the dominant design.
[Blockchain ist eine dezentral organisierte digitale Plattform, die sichere Datenspeicherung und Trans-aktionen in Peer-to-Peer-Netzwerken ermöglicht. Welche Auswirkungen wird Blockchain auf den Energiesektor haben?
Die Deutsche Energie-Agentur GmbH (dena) und die European School of Management and Technolo-gy (ESMTBerlin) haben EntscheidungstrĂ€ger der deutschen Energiewirtschaft ĂŒber ihre EinschĂ€tzungen, bestehende und geplante AktivitĂ€ten sowie ihre Vision zum Thema Blockchain befragt. Von den rund 70 EntscheidungstrĂ€gern, die an der Umfrage teilnahmen, experimentiert bereits mehr als die HĂ€lfte mit Anwendungen der Blockchain oder plant derartige Vorhaben. 21 Prozent sehen die Blockchain als Game-Changer fĂŒr die Energieversorgung, 60 Prozent halten die weitere Verbreitung von Blockchain fĂŒr wahrscheinlich und 14 Prozent erwarten Nischenanwendungen. Nach zukĂŒnftigen Anwendungsbereichen der Blockchain-Technologie befragt, fallen rund die HĂ€lfte der Anwendungen in den Bereich öffentliche und private Handelsplattformen, insbesondere Peer-to-Peer-Handel und dezentrale Energieerzeugung, wĂ€hrend die andere HĂ€lfte der genannten potenziellen Anwendungen unter dem Begriff âProzessoptimierungâ zusammengefasst werden kann, einschlieĂlich der Themen Abrechnung, intelligente ZĂ€hler und DatenĂŒbertragung. Hier werden weiterhin Vertrieb und Marketing, Automatisierung sowie ElektromobilitĂ€t, Kommunikation und Netzmanagement genannt.
Nach konkreten Handlungsfeldern befragt, empfehlen die Teilnehmerinnen und Teilnehmer der Umfrage EntscheidungstrĂ€gern aus Politik und Wirtschaft, dem Thema Blockchain gröĂere Aufmerksamkeit zu widmen, und Ă€uĂern Bedenken, dass Deutschland und die EuropĂ€ische Union im globalen Vergleich ins Hintertreffen geraten könnten. Zudem bewegen sich einigen Kommentaren zufolge Blockchain-Anwendungen in einer Grauzone des derzeitigen Rechtsrahmens. Die Finanzierung von Pilotprojekten und Prototypen sollte die Möglichkeiten der Technologie bestĂ€tigen und die EinfĂŒhrung kommerzieller Anwendungen fĂŒr den Massenmarkt beschleunigen.
Die dena-/ESMT-Analyse zeigt, dass das Kostensenkungspotenzial von Blockchain-Anwendungen fĂŒr die Energiewende begrenzt ist. Insbesondere in MĂ€rkten, in denen sich bereits digitale Lösungen bewĂ€hrt haben, trifft die Technologie auf starke Konkurrenzprodukte und -dienstleistungen. Im Gegen-satz dazu besteht in entstehenden MĂ€rkten die Möglichkeit, dass Blockchain in Zukunft zum dominierenden Design werden kann, beispielsweisebei öffentlichen Lade-und Abrechnungstransaktionen fĂŒr Elektrofahrzeuge.]
German edition of the study: Blockchain in der Energiewende. Eine Umfrage unter FĂŒhrungskrĂ€ften der deutschen Energiewirtschaft.
For the press release click here.
Subject(s)
Information technology and systems
Keyword(s)
Hardware Trojans, malicious hardware, layout modifications, bug attacks
Journal Pages
625â647
Subject(s)
Economics, politics and business environment
Keyword(s)
Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Secondary Title
An economist in the real world: The art of policy making in India
Journal Pages
591â593
Subject(s)
Economics, politics and business environment
Keyword(s)
Greek debt crisis, government debt crisis, European debt crisis, Greek bailout, Economic Adjustment Programme
JEL Code(s)
H50, H62, H81, H87
This paper provides a descriptive analysis of where the Greek bailout money went since 2010 and finds that, contrary to widely held beliefs, less than âŹ10 billion or a fraction of less than 5% of the overall programme went to the Greek fiscal budget. In contrast, the vast majority of the money went to existing creditors in the form of debt repayments and interest payments. The resulting risk transfer from the private to the public sector and the subsequent risk transfer within the public sector from international organizations such as the ECB and the IMF to European rescue mechanisms such as the ESM still constitute the most important challenge for the goal to achieve a sustainable fiscal situation in Greece.
Pages
24
ISSN (Print)
1866â4016
Subject(s)
Information technology and systems
Keyword(s)
Physical unclonable functions (PUFs), ring-oscillator, FPGA
Subject(s)
Economics, politics and business environment
Keyword(s)
Rekommunalisierung, Wettbewerbliche Effekte, Deutschland, Mixed oligopoly, Entsorgungswirtschaft
JEL Code(s)
L33, H76, Q53
Diese Studie untersucht Trends in der Rekommunalisierung in der Entsorgungswirtschaft in Deutschland, analysiert mögliche ErklĂ€rungsansĂ€tze und ĂŒberprĂŒft diese empirisch. Wir finden Hinweise auf eine Rekommunalisierungsspirale: Kommunalisierung in der Vergangenheit verstĂ€rkt die Anreize fĂŒr Kommunen zur Kommunalisierung in der Zukunft. Dies liegt, so unsere Vermutung, zum einen an âAusstrahlwirkungenâ von benachbarten Kommunen, zum anderen an der sinkenden kommerziellen AttraktivitĂ€t privater Angebote in einem schrumpfenden Wettbewerbsmarkt. Damit können von der Option der kommunalen Eigenerstellung wettbewerbliche Effekte ausgehen. Auf Basis der empirischen Ergebnisse schlĂ€gt diese Studie einen Test vor, ob Kommunen die Möglichkeit und den Anreiz zur Rekommunalisierung haben, um zu prĂŒfen, ob die Option der kommunalen Eigenerstellung wettbewerbliche Effekte haben kann.
Pages
69
ISSN (Print)
1866â4016
Subject(s)
Marketing
Keyword(s)
Corporate social responsibility, csr, price fairness
JEL Code(s)
M310
Subject(s)
Ethics and social responsibility; Strategy and general management
Keyword(s)
Electricity supply industry, innovation, research, sustainability, productivity, ranking, R&D, climate performance, renewables, security of supply, patents, investment activities, transformation leaders, research leaders, dissemination leaders, hesitants, CEZ, Electricité de France (EDF), GDF-Suez, E.ON, RWE, Enel, Dong, Fortum, Statkraft Vattenfall, Iberdrola, Energias de Portugal (EDP), Axpo, Scottish and Southern Energy (SSE)
The ESMT innovation index 2014 â Electricity supply industry measures innovation activities of 16 major European electricity utilities in three dimensions: research, productivity and sustainability. French company EDF and Spanish company Iberdrola score highest in the overall ranking. While 14 out of 16 utilities were able to improve their innovation performance over the last 8 years, it can also be observed that utilities readjusted and focused their research activities between 2012 and 2014, and new patent registration substantially declined since 2012.
Pages
32
ISSN (Print)
1866â4024